Ingabe uyayazi incazelo ye-MOSFET?

I-MOSFET, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor, iyisisetshenziswa sikagesi esisetshenziswa kakhulu esohlobo lwe-Field-Effect Transistor (FET).i-MOSFETiqukethe isango lensimbi, ungqimba lwe-oxide insulating (ngokuvamile i-Silicon Dioxide SiO₂) kanye nongqimba lwe-semiconductor (ngokuvamile i-silicon Si). Umgomo wokusebenza ukulawula i-voltage yesango ukuze uguqule inkambu kagesi phezulu noma ngaphakathi kwe-semiconductor, ngaleyo ndlela ulawule okwamanje phakathi komthombo nokukhipha amanzi.

Ama-MOSFETzingahlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko: Isiteshi esingu-NAma-MOSFET(NMOS) kanye nesiteshi se-PAma-MOSFET(PMOS). Ku-NMOS, lapho i-voltage yesango ilungile ngokuphathelene nomthombo, amashaneli aqhuba uhlobo lwe-n akhiwa endaweni ye-semiconductor, okuvumela ama-electron ukuthi ageleze esuka emthonjeni aye emthonjeni. Ku-PMOS, lapho i-voltage yesango ingalungile ngokuphathelene nomthombo, iziteshi zokuqhuba uhlobo lwe-p ziyakhiwa endaweni ye-semiconductor, okuvumela izimbobo ukuthi zigeleze zisuka emthonjeni ziye emthonjeni.

Ama-MOSFETzinezinzuzo eziningi, ezifana ne-impedance ephezulu yokufaka, umsindo ophansi, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla aphansi, nokulula kokuhlanganiswa, ngakho-ke asetshenziswa kabanzi kumasekethe e-analog, amasekhethi edijithali, ukuphathwa kwamandla, amandla kagesi, izinhlelo zokuxhumana, neminye imikhakha. Kumasekhethi ahlanganisiwe,Ama-MOSFETamayunithi ayisisekelo akha amasekhethi anengqondo e-CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor). Amasekhethi e-CMOS ahlanganisa izinzuzo ze-NMOS ne-PMOS, futhi abonakala ngokusetshenziswa kwamandla aphansi, isivinini esikhulu nokuhlanganiswa okuphezulu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho,Ama-MOSFETzingahlukaniswa zibe uhlobo lwesithuthukisi kanye nohlobo lokunciphisa ngokuya ngokuthi amashaneli azo aqhubayo akhiwe kusengaphambili yini. Uhlobo lokuthuthukisaI-MOSFETku-voltage yesango ingu-zero lapho umzila ungekho conductive, udinga ukusebenzisa i-voltage ethile yesango ukuze wenze umzila wokuqhuba; ngenkathi uhlobo lokunciphaI-MOSFETku-voltage yesango ingu-zero lapho isiteshi sesivele sisebenza, i-voltage yesango isetshenziselwa ukulawula ukuqhutshwa kwesiteshi.

Ngokufigqiwe,I-MOSFETiyi-transistor yomphumela wensimu esekelwe esakhiweni se-metal oxide semiconductor, esilawula ukusebenza kwamanje phakathi komthombo kanye nokukhipha amanzi ngokulawula i-voltage yesango, futhi inezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza kanye nenani elibalulekile lobuchwepheshe.