Ukuqonda Okuyisisekelo kwe-MOSFET

I-MOSFET, emfushane yokuthi i-Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor, iyisisetshenziswa sesemiconductor enamatheminali amathathu esebenzisa umphumela wenkundla kagesi ukuze ulawule ukugeleza kwamanje. Ngezansi ukubuka konke okuyisisekelo kwe-MOSFET:

1. Incazelo kanye Nezigaba

- Incazelo: I-MOSFET iyithuluzi le-semiconductor elilawula umzila wokuhambisa phakathi kwe-drain kanye nomthombo ngokushintsha i-voltage yesango. Isango livalekile ukusuka emthonjeni futhi lidonsa ungqimba lwento evikelayo (imvamisa i-silicon dioxide), yingakho laziwa nangokuthi i-transistor yesango elivalekile.

- Ukwahlukaniswa: Ama-MOSFET ahlukaniswa ngokusekelwe ohlotsheni lwesiteshi sokuhambisa kanye nomthelela we-voltage yesango:

- I-N-channel kanye ne-P-channel MOSFETs: Kuye ngohlobo lwesiteshi sokuqhuba.

- Imodi yokuthuthukisa kanye nemodi yokunciphisa ama-MOSFET: Ngokusekelwe kuthonya lamandla kagesi wesango esiteshini sokuqhuba. Ngakho-ke, ama-MOSFET ahlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezine: Imodi yokuthuthukisa isiteshi, imodi yokunciphisa isiteshi, i-P-channel-mode, kanye ne-P-channel-depletion-mode.

2. Isakhiwo kanye Nomgomo Wokusebenza

- Isakhiwo: I-MOSFET iqukethe izingxenye ezintathu eziyisisekelo: isango (G), umsele (D), kanye nomthombo (S). Kwi-substrate ye-semiconductor ene-doped kancane, izindawo ezigcwele amanzi amaningi kanye nezindawo zokudonsa zidalwa ngamasu okucubungula ama-semiconductor. Lezi zifunda zihlukaniswa ngesendlalelo se-insulating, esifakwe yi-electrode yesango.

- Isimiso Esisebenzayo: Ukuthatha i-N-channel-mode yokuthuthukisa-i-MOSFET njengesibonelo, lapho i-voltage yesango inguziro, awukho umzila ohambayo phakathi komsele nomthombo, ngakho-ke akukho wamanje ongageleza. Lapho i-voltage yesango ikhuphuka ifinyelela embundwini othile (okubhekiselwa kuwo ngokuthi "i-voltage yokuvula" noma "i-threshold voltage"), ungqimba oluvikelayo olungaphansi kwesango luheha ama-electron asuka ku-substrate ukuze akhe ungqimba oluguquguqukayo (ungqimba oluncane lwe-N-uhlobo oluncane) , ukudala umzila ohambayo. Lokhu kuvumela i-current ukuthi igeleze phakathi kwe-drain kanye nomthombo. Ububanzi balesi siteshi se-conductive, ngakho-ke i-drain current, inqunywa ubukhulu be-voltage yesango.

3. Izimpawu Ezisemqoka

- I-High Input Impedance: Njengoba isango livalekile lisuka emthonjeni futhi lidonsa amanzi ngongqimba lwe-insulating, i-impedance yokufaka ye-MOSFET iphezulu kakhulu, iyenza ifanelekele amasekhethi ane-impedance ephezulu.

- Umsindo Ophansi: Ama-MOSFET akhiqiza umsindo ophansi ngesikhathi sokusebenza, okuwenza alungele amasekhethi anezidingo zomsindo oqinile.

- Ukuzinza Okuhle Kokushisa: Ama-MOSFET anokuqina okuhle kakhulu kwe-thermal futhi angasebenza ngempumelelo ezinhlobonhlobo zamazinga okushisa.

- Ukusetshenziswa Kwamandla Okuphansi: Ama-MOSFET asebenzisa amandla amancane kakhulu kuzo zombili izifunda ezivuliwe nezivaliwe, okuwenza afanelekele amasekhethi anamandla aphansi.

- Isivinini Sokushintsha Okuphezulu: Njengoba ingamadivayisi alawulwa amandla kagesi, ama-MOSFET anikeza isivinini sokushintsha ngokushesha, okuwenza alungele amasekhethi anemvamisa ephezulu.

4. Izindawo Zokufaka Isicelo

Ama-MOSFET asetshenziswa kabanzi kumasekethe e-elekthronikhi ahlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi kumasekethe ahlanganisiwe, izinto zikagesi zikagesi, izinto zokuxhumana, namakhompyutha. Asebenza njengezingxenye eziyisisekelo kumasekhethi okukhulisa amandla, amasekhethi okushintsha, amasekhethi okulawula ama-voltage, nokunye, avumela imisebenzi efana nokukhulisa isignali, ukulawula ukushintsha, kanye nokuzinza kwamandla kagesi.

Kafushane, i-MOSFET iyithuluzi elibalulekile le-semiconductor elinesakhiwo esiyingqayizivele nezici zokusebenza ezinhle kakhulu. Idlala indima ebalulekile kumasekethe kagesi emikhakheni eminingi.